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MAGNESIUM AND MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS: A ROLE IN
INFLAMMATION AND ANGIOGENESIS.
Front Biosc 2005 May 1, 10:1177-1182.
Bernardin D., et al.
Microvascular endothelial cells
are protagonists in inflammation and angiogenesis (blood
vessel formation). Magnesium deficiency has been shown to
promote inflammation and inhibit angiogenesis in vivo. In
line with this, the researchers evaluated the effect of
different concentrations of magnesium on microvascular 1G11
cells. They found that low magnesium inhibits endothelial
growth and migration, while it increases some inflammatory
markers. Low magnesium stimulates the synthesis of
interleukin 1a and 6, nitric oxide, and VCAM in particular
(inflammatory markers). High magnesium was shown to
stimulate proliferation and migration and sensitizes
microvascular cells to migratory signals, thus initiating
crucial events in angiogenesis. The study results
demonstrate a direct role for magnesium in modulating
microvascular functions and provide a molecular explanation
to the link connecting magnesium, angiogenesis and
inflammation seen for in vivo models.
DIAGNOSIS, SYMPTOMS, AND CALCIM INTAKES OF INDIVIDUALS WITH
SELF REPORTED LACTOSE INTOLERANCE.
J Am Coll Nutr 2005 Feb, 24(1):51-57.
Lovelace HY and Barr SI.
A cross-sectional survey was
done using a mailed questionnaire to determine methods of
diagnosis, symptoms, and calcium intake from food and
supplements for individuals with self-reported lactose
intolerance. In the urban setting, 189 adults with lactose
intolerance responded to posters and advertisements, and 159
returned completed questionnaires. In this study, the
estimated calcium intake from food and supplements was
assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The data were
analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, Pearson
correlation analysis, t-tests and Analysis of Variance. The
participants were 47 +/- 15 years of age, with 72% being
female and 28% male. Caucasians made up 67% of the
responders, with 54% having self-diagnosed their lactose
intolerance. Of the group that was diagnosed as lactose
intolerant by a physician, only 10% were diagnosed via valid
testing. The mean estimated food calcium intake was 591 +/-
382mg/day, and only 11.5% of the participants met their age-
ppropriate Adequate Intake (AI) for calcium via food alone.
Of the group that used calcium supplements, the average
intake of calcium via supplement was 746 +/- 703 mg/day, and
the mean intake of the supplemented group met the AI. The
calcium intake from food sources alone did not meet the AI
in these lactose intolerant individuals. Physicians managing
patients with lactose intolerance need to keep informed as
to how their patients can meet their AI via food and
possible supplementation.
EFFECTS OF ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION AS ADJUNCT THERAPY ON THE
SYSTEMIC IMMUNE RESPONSES IN SHIGELLOSIS.
Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81:495-502.
Rahman MJ, et al.
Zinc is lost during diarrheal
diseases, and zinc deficiency induces intestinal
morphology-altering inflammatory responses, which can be
corrected via zinc supplementation. This double-blind
placebo controlled study assesses the in vivo effect of zinc
supplementation on systemic and mucosal responses in
malnourished children with shigellosis. The study involved
56 children, ages 12-59 months in which 28 received a
multivitamin plus zinc (20mg elemental/day), and the other
28 (control group) received a multivitamin without zinc. The
children received the supplements for 14 days, along with
standard antibiotic therapy. The zinc supplemented group
showed a significant increase in serum zinc, and the serum
shigellacidal antibody response and the circulating B
lymphocytes and plasma cells was greater in the zinc group,
as well. No effect was seen in histopathologic features or
the innate and inflammatory mediators in the rectum. Adjunct
therapy with zinc has a positive effect on the overall
immune response to shigella infection.
MAGNESIUM INTAKE IN RELATION TO RISK OF COLORECTAL CANCER IN
WOMEN.
JAMA 2005 Jan
5;293(1):86-89.
Larsson SC; Bergvistrl; Wolk A.
Although animal studies have
pointed to a role for magnesium intake levels and the
prevention of colorectal cancer, human data is lacking. This
study was done to look at the possibility that high
magnesium intake can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer in
women. In this study, 61,433 women (ages 40-75) without
previous diagnosis of cancer at baseline were reviewed. Over
the course of this study averaging 14.8 years of follow up
(911,042 person-years) there were 805 incidents of diagnosed
colorectal cancer. After the adjustment for potential
confounders, there was an inverse relationship between
magnesium intake and the risk of colorectal cancer. Women in
the highest quintile of magnesium intake had only a 0.59
chance of having the cancer as women in the lowest quintile
of intake. This inverse association was seen in bothcolon
and rectal cancer. The study suggests that high magnesium
intake could reduce the occurrence of colorectal cancer in
women.
CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS TO PREVENT COLORECTAL ADENOMAS [IN
PROCESS CITATION].
Am J Gastroenterol 2005 Feb;100(2):395-6.
Sandler RS.
Calcium supplements have been
shown to decrease the risk of colorectal adenomas. In this
issue of the Journal, Shaukat et al. reports the results of
a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized
controlled trials of calcium supplementation. The authors
statistically combined the data from the three trials that
met strict eligibility criteria. The overall relative risk
was 0.80 (95% Cl: 0.68- .93) and the number needed to treat
was 14. The results of this metaanalysis support a
preventive role for calcium supplements.
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