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MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY IS ASSOCIATED
WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASE.
Meisel P ; Schwahn C ; Luedemann J ; John U ; Kraemer
HK ; Kocher T.
J Dent Res. 2005; 84(10):937- 41.
In the multifactorial pathogenesis of periodontitis,
there are still unknown factors influencing the outcome of
the disease. An association between magnesium and
periodontitis has been suggested by preliminary studies.
However, relevant clinical data are lacking. We investigated
the association between magnesium status and periodontal
health in a population-based analysis. We conducted a
cross-sectional epidemiological investigation involving 4290
subjects aged 20-80 yrs. We recorded periodontal risk
factors and determined concentrations of serum magnesium and
calcium, relating them to periodontal parameters. In a
matched-pair study, 60 subjects using oral magnesium-
containing drugs and 120 without were compared. In subjects
aged 40 yrs and older, increased serum Mg/Ca was
significantly associated with reduced probing depth, less
attachment loss, and a higher number of remaining teeth.
Subjects taking magnesium supplements showed less attachment
loss and more remaining teeth than did their matched
counterparts. These results suggest that nutritional
magnesium supplementation may improve periodontal health.
CONSUMPTION OF A HIGH CALCIUM MINERAL
WATER LOWERS BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF BONE
REMODELING IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH LOW CALCIUM INTAKE.
Meunier PJ ; Jenvrin C; Munoz F ; de la Gueronniere V;
Gamero P ; Menz M.
Osteoporos Int. 2005; 16(10):1203 – 9..
Many postmenopausal women have a
calcium intake far below the recommended amount and, and in
addition to attempting to improve their diet, need a calcium
supplement. The aim of the study was to assess the effects
of the consumption of a high calcium mineral water (HCaMW)
on biochemical indices of bone remodeling in postmenopausal
women with low calcium intake. A 6-month randomized
double-blind placebo-controlled trial was designed to assess
the effects of a daily consumption of 1 liter of a HCaMW
(596 mg Ca/l) on serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and
biochemical markers of bone remodeling in postmenopausal
women with a dietary calcium intake lower than 700 mg/day.
The placebo group drank 1 liter of a mineral water with a
low calcium content (10 mg/l). One hundred eighty healthy
women were recruited (mean age: 70.1± 4.0 years); 152
completed the 6-month trial. The changes from baseline of
biochemical indices after 6 months consisted of a
significant 14.1% decrease of serum PTH, osteocalcin
(-8.6%), bone alkaline phosphatase (-11.5%), serum (-16.3%)
and urine (-13.0%) type-1 collagen C-telopeptide in the
HCaMW group compared to the placebo group, where all
biochemical indices increased after 6 months. The additive
effect of a small vitamin D supplement (400 iu/day) was also
evaluated. In women receiving vitamin D in addition to HCaMW,
the decrease in bone indices was not found to be greater
than in women drinking only the HCaMW. A daily supplement of
596 mg of calcium through the consumption of 1 liter of
HCaMW was able to lower serum PTH and the indices of bone
turnover in postmenopausal women with a low calcium intake.
This could contribute to the repair of calcium deficiency
and to the reduction of age-related bone loss in this
population.
SELENIUM SUPPLEMENTATION AND
COLORECTAL ADENOMAS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE NUTRITIONAL
PREVENTION OF CANCER TRIAL.
Reid ME ; Duffield-Lillico AJ ; Sunga A ; Fakih M ; Alberts
OS ; Marshall JR.
Int J Cancer. 2006; 118(7):1777-81J,)81.
Selenium status has been
inversely associated with colorectal cancers (CRC) and
adenomas. This investigation evaluates the association
between selenium supplementation and prevalent and
incident colorectal adenomas and CRC detected during the
Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial follow-up. Of the
1,312 randomized to 200 mcg of selenized yeast of
matching placebo, 598 participants underwent endoscopic
screening for CRC sometime during the follow-up period.
There was no colorectal screening performed at baseline.
Of those screened, 77% were male (with a mean age of
62.8 years), 42% were former and 25% were current
smokers. Adenomas were classified as prevalent
(identified at the first endoscopic examination
postrandomization during the follow-up period) or
incident (identified at the second or subsequent
examination). Ninety-nine prevalent and 61 incident
adenomas were ascertained. Logistic regression odds
ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were
calculated, adjusting for age, gender and smoking
status. For prevalent adenomas, there was a suggestive
but nonsignificant decrease in risk associated with
selenium treatment. Subjects in the lowest tertile of
baseline selenium and current smokers had significant
reductions in risk. The OR for incident adenomas was
0.98. In addition to being associated with a reduced
risk of incident CRC, selenium supplementation was
associated with a significantly reduced risk of
prevalent adenomas, but only among subjects with either
a low baseline selenium level or among current smokers.
BONE CALCIUM TURNOVER DURING PREGNANCY
AND LACTATION IN WOMEN WITH LOW CALCIUM DIETS
IS ASSOCIATED WITH CALCIUM INTAKE AND CIRCULATING
INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1
CONCENTRATIONS.
Kimberly 0 O'Brien,, et al.
Am J Clin Nutr 2006 ;83:317-23.
Few data exist on longitudinal
changes in bone calcium turnover rates across pregnancy and
lactation. The aim was to characterize calcium kinetic
variables and predictors of these changes across pregnancy
and early lactation in women with low calcium intakes.
Stable calcium isotopes were administered to 10 Brazilian
women during early pregnancy (EP; weeks 10-12 of gestation),
late pregnancy (LP; weeks 34-36 of gestation), and early
lactation (EL; 7-8 wk postpartum).
Multicompartmental modeling was used to assess the rates of
bone calcium turnover in relation to calcium intakes and
circulating concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH),
insulin-like growth factor 1, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
Rates of bone calcium deposition increased significantly
from EP to LP (P = 0.001) and were significantly associated
with serum PTH during LP. Rates of bone calcium resorption
were also higher during LP and EL than during EP and were
associated with both PTH and IGF-1 during LP but not during
EL. Net balance in bone calcium turnover was positively
associated with dietary calcium during EP, LP, and EL. The
mean (±SD) calcium intake was 463 ± 182 mg/d and, in
combination with insulin-like growth factor 1, explained
68-94% of the variability in net bone calcium balance during
pregnancy and lactation. Net deficits in bone calcium
balance occurred during pregnancy and lactation. Increased
dietary calcium intake was associated with improved calcium
balance; therefore, greater calcium intakes may minimize
bone loss across pregnancy and lactation in women with
habitual intakes of <500 mg calcium/d.
ABSORPTION OF IRON FROM RECOMBINANT
HUMAN LACTOFERRIN IN YOUNG US WOMEN.
Bo Ujnnerdal and Annika Bryant.
Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:305-9.
Lactoferrin is a major protein component of human milk,
and it binds iron with high affinity. Because the human
small
intestine has receptors for lactoferrin, a role for it in
iron absorption has been suggested. The objective was to
study the absorption of iron from extrinsically labeled
purified recombinant human lactoferrin produced in rice and
to compare it with the absorption of iron from ferrous
sulfate. On two occasions 4 weeks apart, healthy young women
(n = 20) were fed a standardized meal supplemented in
randomized order with 59Fe as lactoferrin or as ferrous
sulfate. Ten subjects received lactoferrin that had been
heat-treated, and 10 subjects received untreated lactoferrin.
Iron absorption was measured in a whole-body counter after
14 and 28 days and also was measured by red blood cell
incorporation after 28 days. The difference in whole-body
iron absorption between heat-treated (24.6 ± 20.8%; n = 10)
and untreated (16.2 ± 4.4%; n = 10) lactoferrin was not
significant. The difference in whole-body iron absorption
between the groups given lactoferrin (20.4 ±15.3%; n = 20)
or ferrous sulfate (18.8 ± 13.2%; n = 20) also was not
significant. Serum ferritin and iron absorption were
inversely correlated in subjects when they received either
lactoferrin or ferrous sulfate, which suggested that iron is
absorbed from the two sources by a similar mechanism. Iron
is equally well absorbed from lactoferrin (whether
heat-treated or untreated) and ferrous sulfate. Thus, iron
provided by dietary lactoferrin is likely to be well
utilized in human adults.
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